Week 04 Discrimination, Prejudice, and Stereotyping - Practice MCQs 1. West and Eaton's (2019) finding that most people rate themselves as less prejudiced than others illustrates which bias? Belief in a just world Illusory superiority about intelligence Fundamental attribution error Self-enhancement in judging one's own bias 2. Prejudice is defined in the slides as a(n)... Negative feeling toward a member of a group because of group membership Behavioural act directed toward a group member Overgeneralised belief about a group Policy that enforces equality across groups 3. Stereotypes were described as... A behaviour that harms group members A sudden emotional reaction to group symbols A fixed, overgeneralised belief about a group Any law that segregates groups 4. Discrimination was defined as... A cognitive schema that guides perception A positive evaluation of outgroups A neutral categorisation process without affect Actual behaviour with negative impact on a group 5. The "Draw a Scientist" task is used in lecture to reveal... People's ability to render accurate portraits Explicit rejection of science careers Implicit stereotypes about who counts as a scientist Memory for famous scientists' faces 6. A key limitation of explicit attitude measures noted in the slides was... They perfectly predict behaviour They avoid any social desirability concerns They cannot be administered online Respondents may give socially desirable answers 7. Reactivity in explicit measures refers to... Participants changing answers after debrief Measurement only of implicit processes The effect of time limits on memory tests Instability when people generate attitudes on the spot 8. Implicit attitudes are described as biases that... Are fully under conscious control Align precisely with declared beliefs Are activated involuntarily without awareness Cannot influence behaviour 9. The Clark and Clark (1947) doll study showed that many Black children... Preferred to play with dolls matching their own skin tone Randomly selected dolls with no pattern Showed preferences indicating internalised negative stereotypes Refused to choose between dolls 10. The findings from Clark and Clark (1947) highlight the importance of... Positive representation to counter internalised bias Repeating instructions until children comply Limiting choices to one option only Removing toys from the testing room 11. Illusory correlation, as presented in the slides, involves... Underestimating the co-occurrence of two common events Believing two rare events co-occur more often than they do Seeing patterns only when data are presented numerically Forgetting rare negative events entirely 12. In Hamilton and Gifford's account, which pair is especially memorable and overestimated? Majority members performing positive behaviours Majority members performing negative behaviours Minority members performing negative behaviours Minority members performing neutral behaviours 13. The illusory correlation effect can lead people to... Assume minority groups commit disproportionate negative acts Ignore negative behaviours entirely Treat all group members as interchangeable in positive ways Believe common events are rare 14. A stereotype threat manipulation typically affects performance because... Individuals receive more resources to succeed People are unaware of group-based expectations Memory capacity increases under pressure Anxiety about confirming a stereotype impairs functioning 15. The workshop's media examples (e.g., tabloid covers) illustrate how... Repeated negative imagery can reinforce stereotypes Balanced reporting eliminates bias National news avoids portraying minorities Media exposure cannot affect attitudes 16. The shift in LGBTQ+ media representation over time shows that... Early depictions were consistently positive and central Representation changes have no relation to public attitudes Queer characters have always been protagonists Tropes and negative framing can contribute to implicit bias 17. Explicit attitudes are inferred through... Unstructured observation of daily life Brain imaging only Responses to direct questions or rating scales Reaction-time tasks exclusively 18. One limitation of wording effects in explicit measures is that... Item phrasing can shift responses without changing true attitudes All respondents interpret items identically Negative wording always reduces prejudice scores Wording never matters if instructions are clear 19. Implicit stereotypes can persist even when... Groups are numerically equal in all contexts Social desirability is low Individuals have never been exposed to media People consciously endorse egalitarian beliefs 20. Positive representation (e.g., diverse scientists or princesses) matters because... It removes the need for any further interventions It guarantees immediate policy change It can broaden prototypes and counteract internalised bias It ensures all media become stereotype-free 21. The draw-a-scientist task over decades shows that science-gender stereotypes are... Static and unchanging Gradually shifting but still present Irrelevant to career interest Only found in adults, not children 22. Social desirability in attitude reporting leads to... Overreporting prejudice Accurate reporting regardless of topic Random responding to all items Underreporting socially sensitive biases 23. When people believe they are less biased than others, a likely consequence is... Reduced motivation to address their own prejudices Increased vigilance about their own bias More accurate self-assessment over time Immediate elimination of implicit attitudes 24. Media narratives that associate minority status with crime exemplify... Bilateral argument framing Illusory correlation reinforcement Value-expressive attitude functions Stereotype threat removal 25. According to the slides, discrimination corresponds most closely to which component of the ABC model? Affective Behavioural Cognitive Motivational 26. Affective prejudice can exist even when... Behavioural discrimination is absent No stereotypes are present Group categories are unknown Laws ban explicit bias 27. Which statement about implicit attitudes is accurate per the lecture? They never align with explicit attitudes They always determine overt behaviour They can guide behaviour even without conscious endorsement They are measured only through self-report 28. The workshop emphasised that implicit attitudes... Are impossible to change Can shift slowly with sustained exposure and interventions Are best addressed by ignoring them Shift quickly after a single message 29. A person thinking "most people from that minority group commit crimes" after hearing about a single case is demonstrating... Fundamental attribution error only Illusory correlation based on distinctiveness Accurate statistical reasoning Self-perception effects 30. Overall, the workshop message on prejudice and stereotyping is that... Biases are fixed traits and cannot be mitigated Awareness, measurement limits, and representation all matter for reducing bias Media have no role in shaping stereotypes Only explicit attitudes matter for behaviour Submit Quiz