Week 08 Interpersonal Attraction - Practice MCQs 1. Baumeister and Leary (1995) argued humans have a fundamental need to... Maximise solitary time Avoid all group memberships Remain independent of social support Belong and form close relationships 2. One adaptive advantage of sociality mentioned in the slides was cooperative defence explained by the... Bystander effect Placebo effect Dilution effect Recency effect 3. The confusion effect (Hogan et al., 2007) refers to predators struggling because... Prey emit toxins when threatened There are too many moving targets to track a single one Prey camouflage perfectly with surroundings Predators lack night vision 4. Natural selection of sociality was linked to survival because individuals who formed close relationships... Were more likely to survive and reproduce Had fewer resources to share Avoided all group cooperation Eliminated competition entirely 5. Experience sampling studies (e.g., Larson, 1990) found students were happiest when... Alone in public spaces Working solo on exams With friends, then family In unfamiliar crowds 6. House et al. (1988) and Cacioppo et al. (2006) showed that low involvement in social relationships... Reduces mortality risk Has no relation to health outcomes Guarantees longer lifespan Increases likelihood of death 7. Coyne et al. (2001) reported that happily married heart attack patients had roughly... A 10% lower survival chance Identical survival to unmarried patients A 30% higher survival chance Worse outcomes due to stress 8. Social support can buffer stress via... Elevated cortisol and suppressed immunity Eliminating the need for sleep Increasing blood pressure chronically Reduced cortisol and improved neuroimmune responses 9. Instrumental support refers to... Practical, immediate help when needed Emotional validation during conflict Offering music lessons to friends Providing long-term therapy only 10. Harker & Keltner (2001) found college yearbook photos with Duchenne smiles predicted... Lower marriage success 20 years later No relation to later relationships Greater marriage success decades later Only career outcomes, not relationships 11. The Facial Action Coding System distinguished Duchenne smiles by... Movement of mouth corners only Eye crinkling plus mouth movement Raised eyebrows without mouth movement Closed lips and no eye movement 12. Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love proposes core components of... Trust, resources, and attraction Intimacy, passion, and commitment Proximity, similarity, and familiarity Support, validation, and novelty 13. Romantic love in Sternberg's model combines... Intimacy and passion Passion and commitment Intimacy and commitment Commitment and proximity 14. Companionate love in the triangle consists of... Passion and commitment Intimacy and commitment Intimacy and passion Passion and proximity 15. The social constructionist view of love suggests definitions of love... Are universal and fixed across cultures Differ across cultures and time Are determined solely by biology Cannot be studied scientifically 16. Thompson (2007) and related slides argued beauty ideals are... Socially constructed and vary across cultures and eras Identical worldwide and unchanging Determined only by genetics Fixed since the 1940s 17. Fisher, Aron, & Brown (2006) observed that when viewing a loved one, brain activity in dopamine systems suggested love can function as... A purely cognitive task A stress response only A motor coordination exercise An addictive, reward-related motivation 18. Love-bombing and ghosting (Duman & Nazari, 2024) findings included... Women reported more love-bombing; ghosting was similar by gender Men reported more love-bombing than women Ghosting occurred only among men Love-bombing was unrelated to ghosting experiences 19. The three key features for relationship starts highlighted were proximity, familiarity, and... Wealth Similarity Novelty Conflict 20. Festinger, Schachter, & Back (1950) showed in Westgate West that friendships were most likely among... Students in different buildings People randomly assigned to chat groups Students in the same major only Residents living physically closest 21. The propinquity effect demonstrates that being physically close... Decreases chance of friendship formation Has no relation to liking Prevents conflict entirely Increases likelihood of becoming friends 22. Moreland & Beach (1992) found that the more often a new student attended class without speaking, classmates rated her as... Less attractive with more exposure Equally attractive regardless of exposure More attractive with greater exposure Unattractive due to silence 23. The mere exposure effect in attraction implies familiarity tends to... Increase liking with repeated exposure Reduce liking drastically Only affect disliking, not liking Have no measurable impact 24. The bogus stranger paradigm (Byrne, 1971) manipulated similarity by... Using identical twins as confederates Showing participants photos only Altering socioeconomic status Varying shared attitudes on a questionnaire 25. The similarity-attraction effect shows that people generally like others who... Hold dissimilar attitudes Are neutral on all topics Are similar to them Are complete opposites 26. A limitation noted in interpreting happiness and relationship status (Easterlin, 2003) is that... Relationship status cannot be measured Single people are always unhappy Married people report lower happiness than singles Happier people may be more likely to enter long-term relationships 27. Social support can improve health behaviours by... Discouraging medication adherence Encouraging earlier diagnosis and treatment compliance Reducing contact with healthcare providers Eliminating the need for medical advice 28. The Campaign to End Loneliness materials emphasise that... No one who wants company should be without it Loneliness is rare in older adults Loneliness has no health consequences Social support is irrelevant to ageing 29. Instrumental support examples include... Validating emotions after conflict Offering abstract philosophical advice only Providing practical help like transport or meals Ignoring immediate needs 30. Overall, the attraction lecture suggests that liking and love are shaped by... Only innate biological drives Both evolved needs and social/contextual factors like proximity and norms Random chance with no patterns Purely financial incentives Submit Quiz