Week 11 Aggression - Practice MCQs 1. Baron & Richardson (1994) define aggression as behaviour intended to harm a living being who... Requests the treatment Cannot perceive the harm Benefits from the behaviour Is motivated to avoid such treatment 2. A shot fired that misses the target is still aggression because... Harm was accidental The target asked for it There was intent to harm even without injury It caused no pain 3. Pain caused by a dentist is not classified as aggression in the lecture because... The target wants to avoid pain It is psychological, not physical Intent to harm is absent; harm is accidental The dentist lacks awareness of harm 4. Violence differs from aggression in that violence... Involves threat or serious physical harm Never involves intent Is always accidental Excludes physical harm 5. Hostile aggression is primarily motivated by... Expressing anger and harming the target Achieving an external goal with harm as a side effect Financial gain only Avoiding all confrontation 6. Instrumental aggression refers to behaviour where harm is... A side effect in pursuit of another goal The main goal Unintended and unrelated to goals Absent by definition 7. Laboratory aggression paradigms often use aversive stimuli such as... Electric shocks, loud noise, hot sauce, or ice water Friendly text messages Monetary rewards Compliments 8. A key limitation of lab aggression measures is... They lack any validation They allow severe injury They involve trivial harm but have construct validity They cannot be replicated 9. Archival measures of aggression can include... Only lab questionnaires Crime statistics like intimate partner violence or murder rates Heart-rate monitors Handedness surveys 10. Frustration-aggression hypothesis originally claimed that... Frustration never leads to aggression All frustration leads to aggression and all aggression comes from frustration Aggression is unrelated to goals Catharsis always reduces anger 11. Bushman (2002) showed that venting anger by punching a bag... Decreased anger and later aggression Had no effect on anger Increased anger and subsequent aggressive behaviour Eliminated frustration completely 12. According to these findings, doing nothing (sitting quietly)... Increased aggression more than venting Matched venting in raising anger Was more effective than venting for reducing anger Was less effective than venting for reducing anger 13. Excitation-transfer theory (Zillmann, 1978) proposes that residual arousal from a neutral activity can... Reduce anger when provoked Transfer to anger and increase aggressive responses Eliminate the need for cognitive labels Prevent aggression entirely 14. The football example in the slides illustrates excitation transfer by showing that arousal from sprinting can... Magnify anger from a foul and lead to lashing out Lower anger from a foul Remove frustration Prevent retaliation 15. Klinesmith et al. (2006) found that men who handled a gun for 15 minutes... Showed lower testosterone and added less hot sauce Had no hormonal changes and unchanged aggression Became less reactive to cues Showed higher testosterone and added more hot sauce to another's drink 16. The weapons effect demonstrated that mere exposure to an aggressive cue can... Reduce aggressive behaviour Increase testosterone and aggressive responses Have no measurable impact Only affect non-aggressive people 17. Twin and adoption studies (Rhee & Waldman, 2002) suggest genes account for roughly... 10% of aggression 25% of aggression 90% of aggression 41% of aggression 18. Archer, Buring & Wu (1998) reported that highly aggressive men tend to have... Lower testosterone than non-aggressive men Similar testosterone to non-aggressive men No detectable hormones Higher testosterone than non-aggressive men 19. Dabbs et al. (2001) found testosterone levels were highest among prisoners convicted of... Property crimes only Planned and unprovoked violent crimes Non-violent offences Traffic violations 20. Alcohol-aggression research shows approximately what proportion of violent offenders had been drinking? (Murdoch et al., 1990) 20% 40% 60% 80% 21. Meta-analytic evidence (Foran & O'Leary, 2008; Bushman & Cooper) indicates alcohol... Is unrelated to aggression Always eliminates aggressive intent Is a significant predictor of aggression with moderate effect sizes Only affects non-aggressive individuals 22. Individual differences moderate alcohol-aggression links; aggression is highest among those with... High anger control and empathy Low irritability and low hostile rumination High executive functioning and empathy High dispositional aggressivity and hostile rumination, low self-control 23. Alcohol myopia refers to alcohol causing... Enhanced long-term planning Narrowed cognitive focus, reduced self-regulation, and misinterpretation of cues Improved comprehensive appraisal of situations Increased anticipatory regret 24. Fischer & Greitemeyer (2006) found men were most aggressive after misogynistic lyrics when the target was... Male Female Unknown gender Absent 25. Men exposed to the misogynistic song added roughly how much more hot sauce to female participants' drinks? 2 grams 5 grams No additional amount About 10 grams 26. The geographic regions approach to the heat hypothesis compares... Hotter vs. cooler regions and finds higher violence in hotter climates Winter vs. summer in one city only Indoor vs. outdoor crimes Weekly temperature fluctuations only 27. The time periods approach shows violent crime rates were higher in... Winter than summer Cooler than hotter summers Summer than winter, supporting the heat hypothesis Spring than autumn only 28. Anderson (2001) estimated that a 1.1 C temperature increase could add about how many murders per 100,000 citizens? 9 20 3 1 29. The lecture notes that domestic violence rates... Decline during holidays Are unaffected by time of year Are impossible to track Spike around Christmas according to archival data 30. Overall, aggression in the lecture is portrayed as arising from... Solely genetic causes Multiple biological, psychological, and situational factors including cues, substances, and environment Only social learning Completely random chance Submit Quiz